Adapting Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) for Seismic risk assessment in developing countries: a case study of Dir City, Pakistan

Frequent seismic activity in Pakistan, exemplified by the devastating 2005 Kashmir earthquake, underscores the need for robust methods to assess building vulnerability. This study focuses on adapting FEMA's Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) methodology for application in developing countries like Pakistan, with Dir City which is situated in Zone III according to seismic hazard maps of  Building Code of Pakistan in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa serving as a case study. The majority of the city's structures are old, non-engineered and were built by local masons, therefore they could be in danger during a seismic event. Recognizing local challenges, the FEMA Data Collection Form was modified to incorporate region-specific attributes such as slope, foundation type, liquefaction potential, and structural configurations, including unreinforced masonry, confined masonry, stone masonry, and RC frames with URM infill. The methodology emphasizes the use of score modifiers to account for material and construction practices unique to the region. This paper discusses the adaptation process, challenges in implementing RVS in resource-limited settings, and the importance of localized frameworks for seismic risk assessment. The study aims to provide a methodological foundation for future efforts to enhance seismic resilience in high-risk zones.