Adaptive battery management system for solar microgrids in hot tropical climates

The rapid expansion of renewable energy systems, particularly solar microgrids, has transformed electricity access in tropical developing regions. However, the sustainability of these systems is critically constrained by the short lifespan and reduced efficiency of battery energy storage systems (BESS) operating under high-temperature conditions. Conventional battery management systems (BMS) are often designed for temperate climates and do not dynamically respond to the extreme temperature fluctuations typical of tropical zones. This study develops an adaptive battery management system (ABMS) that utilizes real-time thermal monitoring, intelligent control algorithms, and adaptive charging regulation to enhance battery health and system longevity in solar microgrids. The proposed system employs temperature sensors, data-driven algorithms, and fuzzy logic control to maintain optimal charging profiles, reduce degradation rates, and prevent thermal runaway. Simulations using MATLAB/Simulink and prototype implementation demonstrate improved efficiency, enhanced safety, and up to 35% increase in estimated battery lifespan compared to conventional BMS configurations. The adaptive model provides a sustainable pathway for improving energy reliability and reducing maintenance costs in renewable microgrid systems deployed in tropical environments.