Cyber threat intelligence sharing: A strategic tool for enhancing national and global security postures

In the contemporary digital landscape, cyber threats have become a pervasive and formidable challenge, transcending national borders and posing significant risks to critical infrastructures, economies, and societies worldwide. Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) sharing has emerged as a crucial strategy in fortifying both national and global cybersecurity frameworks. This review provides a comprehensive examination of CTI sharing, synthesizing current research on its mechanisms, models, and challenges across governmental, industrial, and international domains. By facilitating the exchange of threat-related information among stakeholders, CTI sharing enhances situational awareness, expedites incident response, and fosters a collaborative defense posture. The strategic importance of CTI sharing lies in its ability to provide timely and actionable intelligence, enabling organizations and nations to detect, prevent, and respond to cyber threats more effectively. This review identifies significant barriers to CTI sharing, including legal constraints, trust deficits, and technological disparities. Despite these challenges, emerging trends such as automation, AI-driven threat detection, and blockchain-facilitated trust models offer promising solutions to enhance the efficacy of CTI sharing. The findings of this review advocate for a globally coordinated, standardized, and incentivized approach to CTI sharing as an indispensable tool in modern cybersecurity policy and practice. By leveraging CTI sharing, organizations and nations can foster collective resilience against evolving cyber threats, ultimately enhancing national and global security postures. This review provides valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to enhance cybersecurity frameworks through CTI sharing.