Design and development of green energy microgrids for Agro-processing to minimize food waste in smallholder farms

This study explores the design, deployment, and evaluation of a green energy microgrid for Agro-processing in smallholder farms, integrating renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaics, wind turbines, and biomass. The primary goal was to address the energy challenges that smallholder farmers face, particularly in relation to post-harvest losses, operational costs, and environmental sustainability. The study utilized a hybrid system that combined energy generation from solar, wind, and biomass, supported by lithium-ion batteries for storage, to ensure a stable power supply throughout the year. The results demonstrated that the microgrid was effective in meeting the energy needs of Agro-processing units, including milling, drying, and cooling. Energy generation from solar and biomass was highest during peak harvest months, while wind energy provided a consistent, though smaller, contribution. The microgrid enabled significant reductions in post-harvest losses, averaging around 40% across the year, by ensuring timely drying and cooling of agricultural products. Moreover, the system achieved a 74–76% reduction in operational costs compared to traditional diesel generators, largely due to the elimination of fuel costs and reduced maintenance requirements. In terms of environmental impact, the microgrid reduced greenhouse gas emissions by more than 70%, contributing to the broader goals of climate change mitigation and sustainable agriculture. The use of biomass also contributed to waste reduction by converting agricultural residues into energy, supporting a circular economy model. The study further highlighted the socio-economic benefits of the microgrid, including job creation, local economic growth, and the potential for energy surplus sales to neighboring communities. These findings suggest that green energy microgrids are a viable, sustainable solution for improving energy access and food security in rural agricultural settings.