Design and Implementation of an Intelligent IoT-Based Smart Irrigation System with Real-Time GSM Alerts for Efficient Water Management

In an era of increasing demand for agricultural production and sustainable resource management, one of the major challenges in modern agriculture is the inefficient use of water resources in irrigation practices. Traditional methods, which often rely on manual inspection and intuition, frequently result in over-irrigation or under-irrigation, leading to water wastage, environmental degradation, and reduced crop yields. Existing irrigation systems suffer from a lack of precision in water distribution, resulting in inefficient utilization and potential harm to crops and soil health. This research stands as an innovative endeavor to address water resource efficiency, precision and enhance crop yield. This research leveraged on modern technologies such as Arduino Nano, LCD screen, GSM module, soil moisture sensor, and pump motor, to develop an automated irrigation system that integrates real-time soil moisture data with instant SMS alerts. The system utilized a soil moisture sensor to measure soil moisture levels, and upon reaching predetermined thresholds, it activates the pump motor for automated irrigation. Furthermore, the GSM module ensures that farmers receive timely SMS notifications, providing them with crucial information about soil conditions and irrigation status. The system achieved a high communication success rate, peaking at 99%, ensuring reliable real-time updates for farmers. These results confirm the system's reliability, efficiency, and potential to support sustainable agricultural practices.