Development of a solar-powered system for soil monitoring with an automated irrigation feature

This study focuses on the development of a solar-powered system with an automated irrigation feature for soil monitoring. The project aims to design and develop a solar-powered system with at least 2 days of autonomy that integrates soil monitoring, irrigation, and solar management functions using a microcontroller-based platform. The system comprises essential components such as a humidity sensor for measuring atmospheric water content and a soil moisture sensor for evaluating soil moisture levels. These sensors are meticulously calibrated to ensure accurate assessment of soil conditions. To maintain uninterrupted timekeeping, a real-time clock is implemented, even during power outages. The system utilizes an Arduino microcontroller as the central hub for implementing a programmed algorithm. During specific time intervals (6:00 am - 6:30 am, 12:00 pm - 12:30 pm, and 6:00 pm - 6:30 pm), the system actively monitors soil moisture and humidity levels. When either of these levels drops below a predefined threshold, the algorithm triggers a relay module to establish a connection between the microcontroller and water pumps. Controlled by the microcontroller, the water pumps deliver water to the plants until the desired moisture level is reached, after which they automatically turn off. By combining solar power, soil monitoring, and automated irrigation, this technology represents a significant advancement in promoting efficient and eco-friendly farming practices. Its primary objectives include optimizing crop yield, conserving water resources, addressing challenges associated with conventional methods, and contributing to a more sustainable future.