Microplastic pollution in lakes: Sources, impact, and solutions

Microplastic pollution has become a critical environmental concern in freshwater ecosystems, especially lakes. These particles, less than 5 mm in size, originate from various sources including urban runoff, wastewater, atmospheric deposition, recreational use, and the degradation of larger plastic debris. Once in lakes, microplastics can be ingested by aquatic organisms, leading to physical and toxicological impacts, bioaccumulation, and potential transfer to humans through drinking water and seafood. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the sources and pathways of microplastic contamination in lakes, their environmental and ecological impacts, and potential mitigation strategies. Proposed solutions include source control, stormwater and wastewater management, advanced purification technologies, regulatory action, and public engagement. A multifaceted, collaborative approach is essential to prevent and remediate microplastic pollution in freshwater environments.