Optimization of power distribution networks using smart grid technology

The optimization of power distribution networks is a critical challenge in the evolving energy sector, where increasing demand, aging infrastructure, and the integration of distributed energy resources necessitate smarter, more resilient systems. Smart grid technology offers a transformative framework by combining advanced sensing, two-way communication, and intelligent control mechanisms to enhance the efficiency, reliability, and flexibility of power distribution. This paper presents an optimization-oriented approach to modernizing distribution networks, focusing on adaptive reconfiguration, demand response, loss minimization, and voltage stability. Techniques such as real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, and automated feeder reconfiguration are explored to reduce technical losses and improve power quality. The proposed framework leverages optimization algorithms, including mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) and heuristic-based methods, to balance supply and demand, accommodate renewable integration, and ensure cost-effective operation. Simulation results demonstrate significant improvements in network performance, including reduced outage durations, enhanced load balancing, and operational cost savings. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of cybersecurity, interoperability, and scalability in enabling widespread adoption of optimized distribution systems. The findings underscore that the fusion of smart grid technology with optimization strategies can transform conventional distribution networks into adaptive, resilient, and sustainable energy infrastructures, capable of meeting future electricity challenges.