A REVIEW OF LNG PLANT DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES AND BEST PRACTICES

The design and construction of a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plant bring together process engineering, cryogenic technology, civil works, rotating machinery, electrical systems, automation, and construction management. Their successful integration determines whether a facility can operate safely and reliably after startup. This article reviews the main engineering decisions and construction activities involved in LNG liquefaction plants, from defining feed-gas conditions to verifying operational readiness. Particular attention is given to gas treatment, refrigeration selection, equipment performance, material integrity, plant layout, modularization, quality assurance, and commissioning. Differences between hot, cold, tropical, and remote locations provide a global perspective. The discussion in this article excludes markets and terminal infrastructure. It is a practical narrative review of technical literature and established practice, rather than a detailed design manual. The main conclusion is that strong early definition, careful interface management, and disciplined construction are as important as the selected liquefaction technology.