Biodiversity and carbon dynamics in sustainable social forestry management in West Papua Province

The Indonesia FOLU Net Sink 2030, launched by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, aims to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and increase soil carbon sequestration to achieve net zero emissions at the site level by 2030, thereby sustaining the forestry sector. However, biodiversity and carbon dynamics in Social Forestry have yet to be studied to determine their effectiveness in preserving carbon stocks and reducing GHG emissions. Systematic stratified sampling was used to create a 1 ha rectangular tract. The destructive method was applied to the understorey, litter, necromass, and soil, while biomass was measured using non-destructive sampling (an allometric equation). The biodiversity found lower INP dominance, suggesting medium to high levels across all growth phases. An H’ value over 3, species richness over 100 species per hectare, and evenness index (E) above 0.8 at each phase indicate a high category and uniform distribution. The potential carbon of aboveground biomass (AGB) and belowground biomass (BGB) in Mubradiba Village was 140.85 tC/ha and 68.32 tC/ha, respectively, with AGB above 100 tC/ha and BGB exceeding 30 tC/ha. Low understory carbon was 0.33 tC/ha, below 1.5 tC/ha. There was 2.67 tC/ha of litter carbon, within the median range of 2-5. Due to its 10.67 tC/ha necromass carbon, it meets the high criterion. The soil carbon potential at 1 meter is 171.75 tC/ha, within the medium criteria range of 100-250 tC/ha. Mubradiba Village has 606.24 tC/ha of total carbon, above 500 tC/ha. Carbon is 70% above and 30% below the surface.