Unlocking innovation through engineering student research: Challenges and Opportunities in Nigerian Higher Education Institutions

This study investigates the state of student-led research in Nigerian universities, focusing on engineering faculties across three institutions: Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Lagos State University of Science and Technology, and the University of Calabar. Conducted under the RAEng-HEPSSA initiative, the research employed a comprehensive survey of 216 undergraduate and postgraduate students to identify gaps in research engagement, training, mentorship, infrastructure, and institutional support. Findings reveal that students possess enthusiasm and moderate confidence in basic research skills, but their exposure to research practice is limit. Only 16.7% of respondents had prior research experience, and over 80% had not taken research-related courses. Additionally, significant proportions of students were unaware of available research resources and reported inadequate access to databases, labs, and mentorship. Financial barriers, poor faculty interaction, and lack of inclusive infrastructure further constrain their participation. Despite these limitations, the survey indicated a strong demand for formal mentorship programs, greater access to research training, and inclusive policies supporting female students and those with disabilities. The study contributes valuable empirical evidence on the institutional and systemic barriers hindering research excellence in Nigerian universities. Recommendations are provided for curriculum reforms, mentorship development, infrastructural investment, and policy alignment aimed at fostering a supportive and inclusive research environment. By addressing these gaps, universities can better prepare students for research-intensive careers and contribute meaningfully to Nigeria’s broader developmental goals. The findings have implications not only for Nigerian institutions but for higher education systems in the African sub-region.