Survey on evolving threats in TCP/IP header attacks: Emerging trends and future directions

The TCP/IP protocol suite, a cornerstone of modern networking, faces escalating threats from evolving attack vectors targeting its headers. This survey explores emerging trends in TCP/IP header attacks, assessing their potential impact and outlining future directions for defense strategies. By scrutinizing recent research and real-world incidents, the paper aims to offer insights into the evolving threat landscape and provide recommendations for enhancing network security. Key areas of investigation include the historical evolution of TCP/IP header vulnerabilities, the adaptation of attackers' techniques over time, and the development of novel defense mechanisms to counteract these threats. The survey underscores the critical importance of understanding TCP/IP header attacks in contemporary cybersecurity and highlights the necessity for proactive measures to safeguard network infrastructures. By addressing the challenges posed by evolving TCP/IP header attacks and identifying areas for further research and development, this survey contributes to the ongoing efforts to strengthen network defenses and mitigate the risks associated with cyber threats targeting TCP/IP protocols.