Optimal sizing of battery energy storage system for mitigation of RES fluctuation

The integration of renewable energy sources (RES), such as wind and solar, into the electricity grid is crucial in the pursuit of sustainable energy. However, their inherent intermittency poses challenges to grid stability and reliability. Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) offer promising solutions to buffer these fluctuations, providing flexibility and scalability. The study examines optimal sizing methods for BESS to mitigate the unpredictability of RES output. It identifies strategies such as forecasting models, stochastic optimization, and hybrid systems that enhance predictability. Additionally, it addresses challenges like battery degradation, safety concerns, and grid integration hurdles. Innovations in Battery Management Systems (BMS) are highlighted for their potential to extend battery life and improve cost-effectiveness. Ultimately, optimizing BESS integration is critical to maximize renewable energy utilization, reduce fossil fuel dependence, and support a sustainable energy future.