Flood risk and flood management in Zarabad and Konarak Districts 2024 (Makoran), Balochestan, Iran

Flooding is the most devastating natural hazard in Iran and the recent flooding has demonstrated its severeness. Floods are common throughout the country. However, their characteristics differ from region to region. Flooding behavior of the major basins and flood management at the national level are investigated in this article. Monsoon rainfalls are the main source of floods in the River Rapch Zarabad Basin, while Mediterranean Waves and Cyclones, which are generated over the Arabian Sea, induce flooding in the Makoran Coastal Area Rapch and Kahir Basin. Fluvial floods in the Zarabad Basin have caused major economic losses. Iran government has spent vast resources on relief operations and flood works since the country came into existence. A number of provincial and federal acts, ordinances, accords, and treaties shape the national flood policy. Institutional setup for flood hazard and crisis management has evolved over the years. Nevertheless, data show no major reduction in the flood-to-damage ratio. The inter-linkage of structural and non-structural measures and their combined efficiency must be analyzed and optimized for more effective flood management. Risk management has been established as a well defined procedure for handling risks due to natural, environmental or man made hazards, of which floods are representative. Risk management has been discussed in many previous papers giving different meanings to the term—a result of the fact that risk management actually takes place on three different levels of actions: the operational level, which is associated with operating an existing system, a project planning level, which is used when a new, or a revision of an existing project is planned, and a project design level, which is embedded into the second level and describes the process of reaching an optimal solution for the project.