Decarbonizing public transport systems in the UK: Initiatives and technologies for reducing carbon emissions

The decarbonization of public transport systems in the UK is a critical step toward achieving the nation’s net-zero emissions targets by 2050. This article examines the various initiatives and technologies that are being implemented to reduce carbon emissions from buses, trains, and trams. Focusing on key solutions such as electrification, hydrogen fuel cells, and hybrid systems, it evaluates their potential through a cost-benefit analysis and assesses their impact on environmental sustainability. The paper also explores the UK government’s policy frameworks, including the Transport Decarbonisation Plan, which supports the transition toward cleaner, more efficient public transport networks. Through case studies from cities such as London, Glasgow, and Birmingham, the article highlights successful decarbonization strategies, emphasizing the importance of government, industry, and community collaboration. These efforts aim to create a sustainable public transport system that not only meets carbon reduction targets but also enhances urban air quality and public health.