The evolution of green computing: Current practices and societal implications

This paper examines the evolution of green computing from its early conceptualization to current practices, and explores the implications of this paradigm shift for society. Through a comprehensive review of recent literature, case studies, and industry reports published between 2019 and 2024, the study analyzes the key drivers, technologies, and best practices shaping the landscape of sustainable computing. The findings highlight significant progress in energy-efficient hardware, software optimization techniques, data center innovations, and electronic waste management strategies. However, challenges persist in terms of standardization, policy frameworks, and the digital divide. A holistic framework for advancing green computing practices, emphasizing multi-stakeholder collaboration, user awareness, and alignment with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, is proposed. The paper concludes by discussing the profound societal implications of green computing, from mitigating climate change and resource depletion to fostering digital inclusion and responsible innovation.