Climate change and flood risk in the U.S.: A mini review of models future scenarios and adaptation strategies

This paper systematically reviews the interplay between climate change, flood risk, and the adaptation strategies employed in the U.S., focusing on models and future scenarios. As climate change accelerates, the frequency and intensity of flood events have increased, posing significant threats to communities, infrastructure, and ecosystems. Advanced modeling techniques, including hydrological and climate models, provide critical insights into future flood scenarios by simulating precipitation patterns, storm surges, and sea-level rise under varying climate projections. These models are instrumental in understanding regional vulnerabilities and shaping adaptive responses. This review examines how these predictive models contribute to flood risk assessment and explores innovative adaptation strategies such as resilient infrastructure design, ecosystem-based solutions, and community engagement initiatives. Key challenges, including uncertainties in climate projections, funding limitations, and policy gaps, are addressed, with an emphasis on the need for cross-sectoral collaboration and robust governance frameworks. The paper also evaluates current U.S. flood mitigation policies and highlights emerging technologies like nature-based solutions and early warning systems as critical tools for enhancing resilience. By synthesizing recent research, this review offers a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic relationship between climate change and flood risk while providing actionable recommendations for adaptive planning. The study concludes that proactive measures integrating cutting-edge modeling with sustainable adaptation strategies are essential for reducing flood impacts and fostering climate resilience in the U.S.