Experimental studies on replacement of the fine aggregate with copper slag and cement with marble powder

Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials due to its strength, durability, and versatility. Rapid urbanization and infrastructure development have significantly increased the demand for natural resources such as cement and fine aggregates. Continuous extraction of these materials results in depletion of natural resources and creates environmental concerns. Therefore, the use of industrial waste and by-products in concrete has gained considerable attention as a sustainable alternative. This study investigates the partial replacement of cement with marble powder and fine aggregate with copper slag in concrete. Marble powder is a waste product generated during the cutting and polishing of marble stones, while copper slag is a by-product obtained during the smelting process of copper production. The utilization of these materials in concrete not only reduces environmental pollution but also helps in conserving natural resources. In this experimental investigation, cement is partially replaced with marble powder at proportions of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, while fine aggregate is replaced with copper slag at proportions of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. Concrete specimens are prepared and tested to evaluate their mechanical properties, including compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength. The study also aims to determine the optimum replacement level that provides improved performance and sustainability.