Impact of beam–column connection systems on structural integrity of steel structures

Beam–column connections are fundamental components that significantly influence the structural integrity, stability, and load transfer mechanisms in steel structures. This review paper presents a comprehensive assessment of various beam–column connection systems, focusing on bolted, welded, and riveted configurations used with steel and composite columns. The study critically examines existing literature related to the behavior, design approaches, and performance characteristics of these connection types under different loading conditions. The review highlights key aspects such as stress distribution, deformation patterns, ductility, stiffness, and failure modes associated with each connection system. Emphasis is placed on findings obtained through experimental investigations, analytical methods, and finite element modeling techniques, including the application of advanced simulation tools such as ANSYS. Additionally, the influence of connection detailing, material properties, and construction practices on overall structural performance is discussed. The paper also compiles various design recommendations and mitigation strategies proposed by researchers to enhance connection performance and reliability.