Impact of renewable energy integration on grid stability: A case study of Nigeria's power system

The integration of renewable energy sources into existing power grids presents both opportunities and challenges for developing countries. This study investigates the impact of increasing renewable energy penetration on grid stability in Nigeria. Using data from the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission (NERC) and the Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN), we analyze frequency and voltage fluctuations in relation to renewable energy contribution over a 24-month period. The research employs statistical analysis and power system simulations to assess the correlation between renewable energy penetration and grid stability indicators. Results indicate that while moderate levels of renewable integration (up to 20% of total generation) have minimal impact on grid stability, higher levels (>30%) are associated with increased frequency and voltage fluctuations. The study concludes that strategic investments in grid infrastructure, particularly in energy storage and advanced control systems, are necessary to maintain grid stability as Nigeria pursues its renewable energy targets. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and grid operators in Nigeria and other developing countries pursuing aggressive renewable energy integration.