Dynamic behavior of transmission towers under wind loads: Analyzing wind-induced vibrations and fatigue

Transmission towers are crucial assets regarding power distribution, and must withstand several loadings from different environmental conditions as well as normal operational conditions. Wind forces, seismic forces, oscillations caused by conductors due to wind or other related conditions are significant structural loads against which these towers must be designed. Detailed analysis of loading sources and reliability and forecast of service life becomes even more critical. The research investigates in detail the structural and dynamic behavior of 220 kV transmission towers under different loading conditions. The study encompasses both Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to evaluate wind forces, natural frequencies, fatigue life, and stress response. The investigation concludes in the performance and stability from the modeling and analysis of Tower A and Tower B under self-weight, wind pressure, seismic forces, and oscillations induced by conductors using ANSYS 2025 R1.Both towers were found to comply with industry safety requirements as there were no hazardous conditions for resonance failure, but Tower A was found to be much more stable with a longer operational life at 35 years compared to Tower B's less stable 32 years owing to lower stress levels and less wind-induced fatigue. Since Tower B is reaching its threshold for wind resistance with localized stress requirements, it is called for reinforcement to ensure long-term trustworthiness. In this aspect, maintenance on a periodic basis has been proposed in the fatigue life evaluation to avoid any eventual deterioration. The idea is to suitably upgrade the joints under high stress, as well as to install vibration dampers, to really improve the overall performance and extend life of any structure. Such improvements will ensure that both towers will maintain their structural integrity, their ability to withstand loads, and their economic performance during their lives. This research describes valuable contributions to understanding improved transmission tower design, as well as maintenance techniques for high performance and durability in adverse operating conditions.